RE: Travel and make serious money: How to become a Merchant Mariner
Working at sea in commercial shipping
I have just come back from my first trip of four and a half months. I’m currently a cadet which is basically a trainee officer. I thought I’d write a post of what it’s like to work on a ship and the different roles on board. However I worked on a container ship and have only done one trip away, so I hope that more experienced people will be able to add to the discussion. I remember reading there is at least one guy on here who works in the maritime sector.
Brief list of the types of ship you can work on in the commercial sector
Tankers- Supply liquid cargo in bulk i.e. different types of oil, chemical etc. Very hard and technical job as there are complicated systems in place for safety and the job can get dirty especially with cargo hold cleaning. Ports can be few and far between especially with oil tankers as the price of oil dictates whether the ship will discharge its cargo or not once it has been loaded.
Container Ships - Probably the most common type of ship you’ll see on the deep sea routes. Transports containers (which contain all different types of cargo). Frequent port visits as you are constantly have to load and discharge different containers in each port. However the stays in port are especially short due to the ports normally working 24/7 and being very fast at cargo operations.
Bulk Carriers – Transport cargo in bulk mainly iron ore, coal, grain etc. Port schedules are not really fixed as it depends on the charterers needs and what cargo you are carrying, so you can be at anchor for a while waiting for a port to discharge your cargo etc. Ships are generally slow so long ocean passages take ages.
Passenger Ships – These types of ships include ferries, cruise ships etc. On cruise ships especially you need to have good “people skills” as people are paying for a certain experience, so expect to work long hours doing your job and then going out and having to mingle as it’s all part of the “experience”. Also if you want to go anywhere on the ship you have to be dressed up in whites no casual wear allowed. The upside is there are usually girls for you to game that work on board i.e. dancers/entertainers. Passenger Ferries can also be tough especially as they are usually on busier routes and you have to do the same crossing several times a day which I imagine would get tedious.
Ro Ro Ships – Stands for roll on roll off basically means that wheeled cargo i.e. cars, trucks etc. gets driven on and off the ship. These ships are mainly shorter passages and are similar to passenger ferries as these types of ships carry passengers as well.
Car Carriers- These are similar to container ships but carry cars/vehicles all around the world. Frequent Port visits etc.
Supply ships – These are ships which are there to supply installations such as oil rigs with supplies, medical aid etc. To work on these ships take a lot of skill especially if you work in a tough environment such as the North Sea.
Jobs on board
On the container ship I worked on there was 27 people working on board, however 6 were cadets, meaning the ship should be able to sail with 21 people on board. The ship was multinational with people from Eastern Europe, the Philippines, India
and the UK, however the only people from the UK were cadets.
There were 4 main departments working on the ship: The deck department are in charge of navigating the ship, maintaining the deck equipment, cargo operations and basically getting the ship safely from Point A to Point B safely. At sea the officers work 7 days a week, as the ship always needs someone on the bridge and the crew (seamen) normally work from 8am-5pm 6 days a week “on deck” doing maintenance jobs etc.. In port the whole deck crew is working as cargo operations is basically 24/7 in most ports.
The Engine department which is responsible for everything mechanical i.e. engines, steering gear, air conditioning, water treatment, sewage treatment systems etc. At sea the engine room normally works 8am-5pm 6 days a week doing maintenance etc. In port sometimes the engine department have nothing to do so can go ashore but sometimes they may have jobs to do so then they will have to work in port.
The electrical department which are responsible for maintaining everything electrical on board. At sea the electricians work from 8am-5pm 6 days a week and in port at least one member of the department has to be on the ship in case something needs fixing, in busy ports both electricians will need to be on board and they will work hard.
Finally the catering department are in charge of food preparation, maintaining the accommodation etc. The catering department have to work 7 days a week.
Deck Officers (in order of importance)
• The captain is a high-grade licensed mariner in ultimate command of the merchant vessel. The captain is responsible for its safe and efficient operation, including: ship's seaworthiness, ship's safety and security conditions, cargo operations, navigation, crew management and ensuring that the vessel complies with local and international laws, as well as company and flag state policies
• The Chief Mate performs the 4-8 navigational watch when the ship is on passage. His other duties include being in charge of the deck maintenance, being in charge of cargo operations, going to the forward mooring station to manoeuvre the ship, going to the forecastle to supervise in anchoring the ship when required, is in charge of cadets training, Is also in charge of the work and rest hours for the whole of the deck department.
• The Second Mate performs the 12-4 navigational watch when the ship is on passage. In port normally works a 6 on 6 off schedule monitoring cargo operations. Also in charge of preparing the passage plan, updating charts and navigational publications. Normally goes to the aft mooring station for mooring manoeuvres.
• The Third mate performs the 8-12 navigational watch when the ship is on passage. In port normally works a 6 on 6 off schedule monitoring cargo operations. Also in charge of maintaining the fire fighting and lifesaving equipment which he normally does from 1pm-4pm. Also prepares the port documents before arrival in port. Usually goes to the bridge for mooring manoeuvres.
• Deck Cadet- Is a trainee officer who has to complete a practical training book while at sea. This will involve shadowing officers on navigational watches, working on deck and going to each respective section for mooring manoeuvres etc.
Deck Crew in order of importance
• Bosun - Basically a foreman, the chief mate will tell him what jobs he wants doing on deck and then he has to make sure it gets done. Goes to the forward station for manoeuvring assisting the chief mate with mooring, anchoring etc. Does odd jobs in port under the instruction of the chief mate.
• Able bodied Seaman – On sea passages normally works on deck under the bosun, but if the area the ship is sailing in is busy goes to the bridge and helps perform a navigational watch as a lookout. For mooring procedures either goes to the aft mooring station or is at the helm(steering wheel) on the bridge. Performs a gangway watch in port. There was 3 Able bodied seamen on my ship.
• Ordinary Seaman - On sea passages normally works on deck under the bosun, for mooring/anchoring manoeuvres goes to the forward station. Performs a 6 on 6 off watch in port monitoring mooring ropes checking cargo lashing etc. There were 2 Ordinary seamen on my ship.
Engine Department In order of importance
• The chief engineer is a licensed mariner in charge of the engineering department on a merchant vessel. Is basically responsible for all operations and maintenance that has to do with any and all engineering equipment throughout the entire ship.
• 1st Engineer is the person on a ship responsible for supervising the daily maintenance and operation of the engine department. They report directly to the chief engineer. On a merchant vessel, the First engineer is the marine engineer second in command.
• 2nd Engineer is usually in charge of boilers, fuel, auxiliary engines, condensate and feed systems, and is the third most senior marine engineer on board. Also in charge of bunkering operations (taking on fuel).
• 3rd Engineer is generally the most junior marine engineer of the ship, this person is usually responsible for electrical, sewage treatment, lube oil, bilge, and oily water separation systems
• Engine Cadet is a trainee officer who has to complete a practical training book while at sea. Will shadow all the jobs that the engineers do, as part of their practical training at sea.
• Motorman executes routine checks of the machinery, tanks, bilge and pump-rooms along with the daily operation and maintenance of the machinery. Is basically an engine room “rating”, working under the instruction of officers. There were 2 motormen on my ship.
Electricians
• Electrician officer is in charge of all the electrical systems on board. There are a lot of jobs to do as his job will encompass the accommodation block, on deck and in the engine room.
• Electrician cadet is a trainee officer who has to complete a practical training book at sea. Will shadow the electrician officer in the jobs that he does.
I will not talk about the catering department in this post. I hope that people have gained something from this post it’s hard to condense everything down and to not use technical terms. If anyone has any questions I can answer them in this thread or answer PMs.
|